Bidirectional modular assembly clip

ABSTRACT

The present invention includes a multiuse clip assembly which can be employed to secure objects or panels to one another. It incorporates both the male and female features into each clip for greater versatility and durability over conventional clip systems. The unique universal and expandable mating system does not limit the orientation, position, or number of objects or panels that may be secured to one another.

The present application is a Continuation Application of U.S.Provisional Application Ser. No.: 14/670,357, filed Mar. 26, 2015, nowU.S. Pat. No. 9,803,669, issued Oct. 31, 2017; which claims priority toU.S. Provisional Application Ser. No.: 61/971,476, filed Mar. 27, 2014;each of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates generally to a locking clip system forsecuring panels or other objects together, and, more particularly, to aclip system that incorporates both the male and female snapping featuresinto each side for greater versatility and durability over conventionalclip systems.

BACKGROUND

In recent years, it has become common to ship disassembled flat panelstructures from factories to the user. These structures are usuallybroken down into components for more efficient packing and shipping.Thereafter, they are assembled on site by the user who may be unskilledat carpentry. The user may prefer that the components fit together withminimal use of tools and specialized fittings. Further, the user maywish to assemble these systems into a custom structure to better suitehis/her needs. Hence it is necessary to have a clip system to allowparts to be tightly secured to one another with minimal effort and in away that allows for more flexibility in assembling the structure.

These traditional panel systems, such as those used to assembleknock-down furniture (cabinets and shelving, closet storage, etc.), catfurniture, trade show booths, semi-permanent indoor rooms and offices,and outdoor structures such as storage sheds and temporary shelters, aregenerally fixed predesigned structures assembled using a variety oftools, nails, screws, bolts, and other types of fastening such as clipsand adhesives for assembly.

For example, U.S. Pat. No. 8,495,997 discloses an apparatus forattaching a solar panel to a purlin. The panels are connected in amulti-step process using a variety of specialized parts. The clips andmounts allow the panels to be attached in a single arrangement. Theassembly is cumbersome and the clips have no versatility. Similarly,U.S. Pat. No. 8,894,424 discloses a solar panel assembly attachmentapparatus which includes several unique pieces that must be fit togetherin a multi-step assembly process. These current panel systems lack truemodularity in that each modular component can generally only be used inone location and in one orientation within a structure.

Common assembly clips have been developed which are composed of twocompatible parts that are joined together. The user joins the “female”side with a compatible “male” side, usually by snapping or bolting themtogether, often with the use of a tool such as a screwdriver, or wrench.By their nature, these systems limit the way in which the structurebeing assembled may be put together because once the “male” assemblydevice has been joined to the “female” assembly device, no more partsmay be assembled using those assembly devices. Accordingly, traditionalclip assemblies have limitations in their functionality and use andtherefore, there is a need for improvements over currently availableclip assemblies.

By contrast the invention herein allows for true modular and universalassemblies because each component can be used anywhere and in anyorientation where they geometrically fit within a structure. Moreoverthe invention allows for structures which can be expanded with morecomponents, or disassembled and rearranged into many differentstructures at any time.

The present invention includes a multiuse clip assembly which can beemployed to firmly secure objects or assemblies to one another withminimal effort. The unique universal and expandable panel mating systemdoes not limit the orientation, position, or number of panels that maybe secured to one another. Other advantageous features of the inventionwill become readily apparent depending on the user's needs.

SUMMARY

The present invention recognizes that there exists a long felt need fora clip assembly that is both sturdy and user friendly for use with,among other things, furniture and other modular structures.

A first aspect of the present invention is a clip assembly in which themale and female clip features are present on each clip. Because eachclip has a male and a female feature, they may be used interchangeablyand one of each type of feature from each clip body will remainavailable to assemble more clips after two clips have been mated.

A second aspect of the present invention is a clip assembly in which themale and female mating features are preferably located on two opposingplanes symmetric about the clip body such that symmetric planes form thelegs of an isosceles triangle whose included angle may be any angle asrequired.

A third aspect of the present invention is a clip assembly in which twoadditional planes internal to the clip body on the female side form aload-bearing interface, wherein the planes form the legs of an isoscelestriangle whose base is formed by the plane locating the female feature.

A fourth aspect of the present invention is a clip assembly that may beused when panels are to be secured perpendicular to each other such thatthe planes containing the male and female features are preferably at 90°to each other and each at 45° to the internal load-bearing mating planesforming a right isosceles triangle and the internal mating featureplanes form the legs of a right isosceles triangle.

A fifth aspect of the present invention is a clip assembly wherein aunique universal and expandable panel mating system does not limit theorientation, position, or number of panels, wherein clips are mountedsymmetrically about the panel midline in pairs, or in any even integer,but with each symmetric clip-pair oriented opposite to each other suchthat panels may be universally mated together along panel edges whereinpanels can be flipped along panel midlines or rotated about panel centeraxes and mated in any orientation as allowed by the panels' shape andsize as long as the panels' edges are parallel and aligned at the panelmidlines.

A sixth aspect of the present invention is a clip assembly wherein clipsare mounted symmetrically about the panel midline in pairs, or in anyeven integer, and with each symmetric clip-pair oriented in the same wayto each other such that panels may be universally mated together alongpanel edges and panels can be rotated about panel center axes and matedin any orientation as allowed by the panels' shape and size, providedthat the panels' edges are parallel and aligned at the panel midlines.

A seventh aspect of the present invention is a clip assembly whereinclips can be mated by physically pressing or snapping the male andfemale features together.

An eighth aspect of the present invention is a clip assembly wherein atool or lever may be inserted into slots at the base of the assembly androtated so that the tool acts as a cam on the ramp features to pry openthe beams of the female feature. When the beams of the female featureare pried open, individual clip assemblies are more easily mated. Whenthe tool is released or rotated in the opposite sense and removed, thebeams of the female feature once again are allowed to close.

An ninth aspect of the present invention is a clip assembly with aninternal mechanical latching member to allow individual clips to belatched to one another and/or unlatched by shifting a lever.

A tenth aspect of the present invention is a clip assembly with aninternal fastening feature wherein a bolt or rotational cam-stylefastener allows individual clips to be secured to one another.

A eleventh aspect of the present invention is a method of using the clipassemblies of the invention to secure panels together for assembly offurniture or a structure such as a jungle gym, solar panel frame ortruss, office cubicle or shelter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only ofselected embodiments and not all possible implementations, and are notintended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.

FIG. 1 generally depicts a perspective view of one aspect of the presentinvention, a clip with the male feature (1).

FIG. 2 generally depicts a perspective view of one aspect of the presentinvention, a clip with the female feature (2).

FIG. 3 generally depicts one aspect of the present invention, aside-view of a clip and a cross sectional view of a clip. The malefeature and female features are located on one of two planes (3)symmetric about the clip body, whose plane of symmetry (21) is definedby a plane passing through the middle of the of the clip body, and whichform the legs of an isosceles triangle (22). Two additional planes (8)internal to the clip/fastener body on the female side form aload-bearing interface, wherein the planes form the legs of an isoscelestriangle (23) whose base is formed by the plane locating the femalefeature.

FIG. 4 generally depicts one aspect of the present invention, anotherview of a clip, The male feature includes a single extruded T-shapedbeam (9) with beveled edges (10) on the top surface of the flange andflat faces or beveled edges (11) on in the inside of the flange.

FIG. 5 generally depicts one aspect of the present invention, across-section of a clip. The female feature includes two flexibleparallel beams extruded from the main body of the clip, the ends uponwhich are located capture features with dual beveled edges, one outside(6) and one inside (7).

FIG. 6 generally depicts one aspect of the present invention, aperspective view of two mated clips. Because each clip has a male and afemale feature, one of each type of clip feature (19) from each clipbody will remain available to assemble more clips after two clips havebeen mated.

FIG. 7 generally depicts one aspect of the present invention, aperspective view of four clips mated together.

FIG. 8 generally depicts one aspect of the present invention, aperspective view of the stack of clips. If the clips are mated such theclip bodies are parallel, an infinite chain of clips can be mated withat least one clip feature always left available to mate another clip.

FIG. 9 generally depicts one aspect of the present invention, aperspective view of two stacks of clips demonstrating the infinitestacking capability of the invention.

FIG. 10 generally depicts one aspect of the present invention, a sideview of a pair of clips. The clips may be mated with one approachingfrom any direction within a 90° field of view (16) of the mating clipfeature provided that the mid-planes of the clips remain coplanar.

FIG. 11 generally depicts one aspect of the present invention, a sideview of a clip. A tool or lever is inserted into the slots and rotatedso that the tool acts as a cam on the ramp features to pry open thebeams of the female feature. When the tool is rotated in the oppositesense and removed, the beams of the female feature once again areallowed to close.

FIG. 12 generally depicts one aspect of the present invention, a frontview of a clip. Optional spacer features may be located on each side ofthe clip body which can act as locating features when the invention isfastened to a panel by way of a T-shaped slot.

FIG. 13 generally depicts one aspect of the present invention,perspective views of a clip showing a latching mechanism, male (1) andfemale (2) features, orthogonal planes (3), and mounting feature (17).

FIG. 14 generally depicts one aspect of the present invention, a sideview of clips illustrating the mating and subsequent latching, andshowing one of each type of clip feature from each clip body remainingavailable (19) to assemble more clips after two clips have been mated.

FIG. 15 generally depicts one aspect of the present invention, aperspective view of a clip with male (1) and female (2) features and aside view of two paired clips showing the latching mechanism, andshowing one of each type of clip feature from each clip body remainingavailable (19) to assemble more clips after two clips have been mated.

FIG. 16 generally depicts one aspect of the present invention, a sideview of a clip showing the sequence of the latching mechanism beingactuated.

FIG. 17 generally depicts one aspect of the present invention, aperspective view and a side view of clips that are paired and securedwith the fastening mechanism, and showing one of each type of clipfeature from each clip body remaining available (19) to assemble moreclips after two clips have been mated.

FIG. 18 generally depicts an exploded side view of a two clips showingthe fastening mechanism, with male (1) and female (2) features.

FIG. 19 generally depicts one aspect of the present invention, aperspective view and a close-up view demonstrating the use of pairedclips to attach panels to form a modular-shaped structure.

FIG. 20 generally depicts one aspect of the present invention, aperspective view and a close-up view demonstrating the use of pairedclips used to form a larger modular-shaped structure with additionalpanels, showing the universal and expandable aspect of a system ofpanels utilizing the invention.

FIG. 21 generally depicts one aspect of the present invention, aperspective view of solar panels (or other panels) which are secured toone another with mated clips.

FIG. 22 generally depicts one aspect of the present invention, a sideview (20) of solar panels (or other panels) which are secured parallelto one another with mated clips. The arrangement of the individual clipsis also depicted.

FIG. 23 generally depicts one aspect of the present invention, a bottomview of solar panels (or other panels) which are secured perpendicularto one another with mated clips. The arrangement of the individual clipsis also depicted.

FIG. 24 generally depicts one aspect of the present invention, aperspective view demonstrating the use of clips to attach panels andother objects to form a shelter or structure.

FIG. 25 generally depicts one aspect of the present invention, aperspective view demonstrating the use of clips to attach panels andother objects to form a play ground set or jungle gym.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Definitions

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used hereinhave the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill inthe art to which this invention belongs. Generally, the nomenclatureused herein and described below are well known and commonly employed inthe art. Where a term is provided in the singular, the inventors alsocontemplate the plural of that term, and when a term is provided in theplural, the inventors also contemplate the singular of that term. Thenomenclature used herein and the procedures described below are thosewell-known and commonly employed in the art unless set forth otherwise.As employed throughout the disclosure, the following terms, unlessotherwise indicated, shall be understood to have the following meanings:

While the invention is primarily described in carpentry and constructionapplications, it is understood that the present invention is not solimited and may be employed to secure any objects to one another. It mayalso be scaled up or down to suit the size and mass of theplanes/components. Other applications include, for example, but notlimited to, the use of the clip assemblies in shelving, toys, buildingsets, pet furniture, storage, book shelves, cabinets, solar panels,modular offices, storage sheds, modular buildings and barracks.

Reference in this specification to “one embodiment/aspect” or “anembodiment/aspect” means that a particular feature, structure, orcharacteristic described in connection with the embodiment/aspect isincluded in at least one embodiment/aspect of the disclosure. The use ofthe phrase “in one embodiment/aspect” or “in another embodiment/aspect”in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referringto the same embodiment/aspect, nor are separate or alternativeembodiments/aspects mutually exclusive of other embodiments/aspects.Moreover, various features are described which may be exhibited by someembodiments/aspects and not by others. Similarly, various requirementsare described which may be requirements for some embodiments/aspects butnot other embodiments/aspects. Embodiment and aspect can be in certaininstances be used interchangeably.

The terms used in this specification generally have their ordinarymeanings in the art, within the context of the disclosure, and in thespecific context where each term is used. Certain terms that are used todescribe the disclosure are discussed below, or elsewhere in thespecification, to provide additional guidance to the practitionerregarding the description of the disclosure. For convenience, certainterms may be highlighted, for example using italics and/or quotationmarks: The use of highlighting has no influence on the scope and meaningof a term; the scope and meaning of a term is the same, in the samecontext, whether or not it is highlighted. It will be appreciated thatthe same thing can be said in more than one way.

Consequently, alternative language and synonyms may be used for any oneor more of the terms discussed herein. Nor is any special significanceto be placed upon whether or not a term is elaborated or discussedherein. Synonyms for certain terms are provided. A recital of one ormore synonyms does not exclude the use of other synonyms. The use ofexamples anywhere in this specification including examples of any termsdiscussed herein is illustrative only, and is not intended to furtherlimit the scope and meaning of the disclosure or of any exemplifiedterm. Likewise, the disclosure is not limited to various embodimentsgiven in this specification.

Without intent to further limit the scope of the disclosure, examples ofinstruments, apparatus, methods and their related results according tothe embodiments of the present disclosure are given below. Note thattitles or subtitles may be used in the examples for convenience of areader, which in no way should limit the scope of the disclosure. Unlessotherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein havethe same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in theart to which this disclosure pertains. In the case of conflict, thepresent document, including definitions, will control.

The term “male” refers to an object that is designed with a projectingpart for fitting into a corresponding female part, and may be static orcomprised of a moving mechanical part such as a latch or fastener. Theterm “female” refers to an object that is designed with a hollow orgroove into which a corresponding male part fits, and may be static orcomprised of a moving mechanical part such as a latch or fastener.“Orthogonal” refers to objects or planes intersecting or lying at rightangles. “Bevelled” refers to a sloping/slanted surface that does notform a right angle with adjacent surfaces. “Flange” refers to aprojecting rim, collar, or ring on a shaft, pipe, machine housing, etc.,cast or formed to give additional strength, stiffness, or supportingarea, or to provide a place for the attachment of other objects.“Internal” refers to situated or existing in the interior of something.Extrude refers to protrude or to extend outward. “Symmetric” refers tocharacterized by or exhibiting symmetry; well-proportioned, as a body orwhole; regular in form or arrangement of corresponding parts. “IncludedAngle” refers to the angle between two sides of a triangle. “Isosceles”refers to a triangle having two equal sides. “Cam” refers to a disk,cylinder or shaft having an irregular form such that its motion, usuallyrotary, gives to a part or parts in contact with it a specific rockingor reciprocating motion. “Truss” refers to any of various structuralframes based on the geometric rigidity of the triangle and composed ofstraight members subject only to longitudinal compression, tension, orboth. “Assembly” refers to a two or more clips that are joined to oneanother.

It will be appreciated that terms such as “front,” “back,” “top,”“bottom,” “side,” “short,” “long,” “up,” “down,” and “below” used hereinare merely for ease of description and refer to the orientation of thecomponents as shown in the figures. It should be understood that anyorientation of the components described herein is within the scope ofthe present invention.

Other technical terms used herein have their ordinary meaning in the artthat they are used, as exemplified by a variety of technicaldictionaries.

Introduction

The present invention recognizes that there exists a long felt need fora clip assembly that it more user friendly, reliable, secure andversatile than currently available clip assemblies.

As a non-limiting introduction to the breath of the present invention,the present invention includes several general and useful aspects,including:

-   -   1) A clip assembly in which the male and female clip features        are present on each clip.    -   2) A clip assembly in which the male and female mating features        are located on two opposing planes symmetric about the clip body        such that symmetric planes form the legs of an isosceles        triangle whose included angle may be any angle as required.    -   3) A clip assembly in which two additional planes internal to        the clip body on the female side form a load-bearing interface,        wherein the planes form the legs of an isosceles triangle whose        base is formed by the plane locating the female feature.    -   4) A clip assembly that can be used when panels are to be        secured perpendicular to each other such that the planes        containing the male and female features are at 90° to each other        and each at 45° to the internal load-bearing mating planes        forming a right isosceles triangle and the internal mating        feature planes form the legs of a right isosceles triangle.    -   5) A clip assembly wherein a unique universal and expandable        panel mating system does not limit the orientation, position, or        number of objects or panels that can be attached to one another.    -   6) A clip assembly wherein clips are mounted symmetrically about        the panel midline in pairs, or in any even integer, and with        each symmetric clip-pair oriented in the same way to each other        such that panels may be universally mated together along panel        edges and panels can be rotated about panel center axes and        mated in any orientation as allowed by the panels' shape and        size.    -   7) A clip assembly wherein clips can be mated by pressing or        snapping the male and female features together.    -   8) A clip assembly wherein a specialized tool is inserted into        the slots and rotated so that the tool acts as a cam on the ramp        features to pry open the beams of the female feature. When the        tool is released or rotated in the opposite sense and removed,        the beams of the female feature once again are allowed to close.    -   9) A clip assembly with an internal latching clip to allow        individual clips to be latched to one another and/or unlatched        by shifting a lever.    -   10) A clip assembly with an internal fastening clip wherein a        bolt or rotational cam-style fastener allows individual clips to        be secured to one another.    -   11) A method of using the clip assemblies of the invention to        secure panels together for assembly of furniture or a structure        such as an office cubicle, solar panel frame or truss, jungle        gym or shelter.

These aspects of the invention, as well as others described herein, canbe achieved by using the methods, articles of manufacture andcompositions of matter described herein. To gain a full appreciation ofthe scope of the present invention, it will be further recognized thatvarious aspects of the present invention can be combined to makedesirable embodiments of the invention.

I Clip Assembly with Male And Female Features on Planes Symmetric Outthe Body Clip

Generally the present invention relates to a multiuse clip assemblywherein each clip includes both a male feature (1) and female feature(2). The clips can be used to secure panels or objects to one anotherfor which the unique characteristics of the invention applies. Generallythe invention is made of a thermoplastic material, though any othermaterial or combination of materials may be used providing thematerial(s) possess the properties for the invention to work asdescribed herein. When made from thermoplastic material, the inventioncan be manufactured in an injection molding process, though any othermanufacturing processes may be used as applicable to the material beingused.

Conventional fasteners are designed with mating features oriented alonga common axis (as in a screw and nut or threads). The present inventionemploys a unique arrangement such that a clip body includes both a malefeature (1) and a female feature (2) wherein the male and female matingfeatures are located on two opposing planes symmetric about the clipbody, whose plane of symmetry (21) is defined by a plane passing throughthe middle of the of the clip body. These defined symmetric planes formthe legs of an isosceles triangle (22) whose included angle may be anyangle as required. Two additional planes (8) internal to theclip/fastener body on the female side form a load-bearing interface,wherein the planes form the legs of an isosceles triangle (23) whosebase is formed by the plane locating the female feature. The includedangle of the two internal planes is any angle as required.

II Clip Assembly with Snap Fit Male And Female Features on OrthonogalPlanes

The present invention can include a multiuse “snapping” clip assembly.Some features of the invention are the male (1) and female clip (2)features, one each of which are located on one of two orthogonal planes(3). The two orthogonal planes are themselves oriented at 45° (4) to themain body of the clip.

Here, the female feature (2) includes two flexible parallel beams (5)extruded from the main body of the clip, the ends upon which are locatedcapture features with dual beveled edges, one outside (6) and one inside(7). Between the two parallel beams (5) and formed by the central rib ofthe clip body are two orthogonal surfaces (8), one of which is orientednormal and the other parallel to the body of the clip, both of which areat 45° to the female feature.

The male feature (1) includes a single extruded T-shaped beam (9) withbeveled edges (10) on the top surface of the flange and flat faces orbeveled edges (11) on in the inside of the flange. The ends of theT-shaped beam (9) are shaped such that two orthogonal planes are formed(12), one of which is oriented normal and the other parallel to the bodyof the clip, both of which are at 45° to the male feature (1), uponwhich is located one groove (13) on each plane.

Ramp features (14) may be located on both inside faces of each parallelbeam (5) of the female feature (2), with a slot feature (15) locatedadjacent to each beam (5) in the walls of the clip body. Both of thesefeatures may be used together with a tool to facilitate locking andunlocking of the female feature (2) for either assembly or disassemblyof two clips.

III Clip Assembly with Two Internal Planes That Form A Load-BearingSurface

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, clips are located at 90° toeach other and with the male and female clip features at 45° (4) to thepanels. This is illustrated with a side view of a clip with the dashedhorizontal line representing a panel edge (FIG. 3). Internal features(8) mate at 90° to the panels. This is illustrated with the mated pairviews of the clips (FIG. 14, 15, 17).

A side view of a pair of clips is also depicted. (FIG. 10) The clips maybe mated with one approaching from any direction within a 90° field ofview (16) of the mating clip feature provided that the mid-planes of theclips remain coplanar.

IV Clip Assembly Used to Secure Panels Perpdenicular to Each Other

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, clips are located at 90° toeach other with the male and female clip features at 45° to the panels.Internal features mate at 90° to the panels. This is illustrated bypanels that are secured perpendicular to one another (FIG. 23) asopposed to panels that are parallel to one another (FIG. 22).

V Clip Assembly with Expandable Mating System

Conventional fasteners typically utilize two unique separate male andfemale parts to mate together one clip to another. This exhausts themating locations after assembly of the two parts. In the presentinvention, two mated clips do not exhaust mating locations, but leavetwo more mating locations (19) for assembly of at least one more clip tothe two previously mated clips. (FIG. 6, 8) Clips can be mountedsymmetrically about the panel midline in pairs, or in any even integer,and with each symmetric clip-pair oriented in the same way.

The system allows for infinite expandability of the panel structuregiven that the any panel added to the structure will further addadditional mating sites, either along the same mating edge, or elsewherein the panel structure.

VI Clip Assembly Wherein Clips A Mounted Symmetrically about the PanelMidline in Pairs

Panels may be universally mated together along panel edges asillustrated. (FIG. 19) This allows versatility to the use of the panel.Panels can be flipped along panel midlines or rotated about panel centeraxes and mate in any orientation as allowed by the panels' shape andsize, provided that the panels' edges are parallel and aligned at thepanel midlines.

Two previously mated panels allow for at least one more panel touniversally mate as described above with the two previously matedpanels, as illustrated (FIG. 20)

VII Joining or Separating Clips with Flexible Snap-Fit Features

“Snap-Fit” clips can be conducive to lightly loaded structures that areintended to be rearranged, expanded or frequently modified.

Two clips are mated together by inserting the male feature (1) of oneclip into the female feature (2) of anther clip. The male feature (1) ofone clip can be pushed into the female feature (2) of another clip withenough force so that the beveled top surface flange (10) of the malefeature (1) acts as a cam on the outside beveled capture feature (6) ofthe female feature (2) so as to cause the beams (5) to flex open. Theangles of the beveled edge (10) of the male feature (1) and the outsidebeveled edge (6) of the female capture feature may be varied by designto tailor the mating insertion force if applicable to suite therequirements of the intended end use of the invention. Once the clipsare fully mated (FIG. 6) the two orthogonal rib surfaces (8) inside thefemale feature (2) mate with the two orthogonal surfaces (13) of themale feature (1) which forms the main load bearing interface, and theedges of the groove features further constrain the clips in shearloading applications. Because each clip includes one male (1) and onefemale (2) feature, one of each type of clip feature from each clip bodywill remain available (19) to assemble more clips after two clips havebeen mated.

The 45° arrangement (4) of the male and female features described aboveallows for two clips to be mated together such that the clips can beoriented either orthogonal (FIG. 6) or parallel (FIG. 8) to each other,depending on the intended use if the invention. Furthermore, the clipscan be mated with one clip approaching from any direction within a 90°field of view (16) of the mating clip feature provided that themid-planes of the clips remain coplanar. If the clips are mated suchthat the clip bodies are orthogonal to each other (FIG. 6), up to fourclip bodies can be mated together in one location (FIG. 7) beforeexhausting all of the male and female features from all four clipbodies. If the clips are mated such the clip bodies are parallel (FIG.8), an infinite chain of clips (FIG. 9) can be mated with at least oneclip feature always left available to mate another clip.

The clips can be separated or “de-mated” by removing the male feature(1) from the female feature (2). Enough force can be applied in anydirection within the 90° planar field-of-view (16) with a sense awayfrom the clip features being de-mated so that the underside of the maleflange (11) acts as a cam on the inside beveled capture features (7) ofthe female feature (2) so as to cause the beams (5) to flex openallowing the male feature (1) to be removed. The angle of the undersideof the male flange (11) and the female capture feature bevel (7) can bevaried by design to tailor the de-mating force if applicable to suit therequirements of the intended end use of the invention.

VIII Joining or Separating Clips with Flexible Snap-Fit Features withUse of A Tool

Snap fit clips can be used for structures with higher loadingrequirements that are intended to be less frequently rearranged,expanded or modified by varying the angle of the underside of the maleflange (11) and the female capture feature bevel (7) such that a toolwould be required to separate the clips after assembly.

Ramp features (14) may be located on both inside faces of each parallelbeam (5) of the female feature (2), with a slot feature (15) locatedadjacent to each beam (5) in the walls of the clip body. Both of thesefeatures may be used together with a tool to facilitate locking andunlocking of the female feature (2) for either assembly or disassemblyof two clips. A tool or lever can be inserted into the slots (15) androtated so that the tool acts as a cam on the ramp features (14) to pryopen the beams (5) of the female feature (2) (FIG. 11). When the tool isrotated in the opposite sense and removed, the beams (5) of the femalefeature (2) once again are allowed to close (FIG. 11). The ramp features(14) and slots features (15) may be omitted when not required for theintended end use of the invention, or in the case that a different toolis used to achieve the same result that does not require the use of theramp (14) and/or slot (15) features.

The female feature (2) can be opened using a tool by the methoddescribed above before inserting the male feature (1), and reclosing thefemale feature (2) after the male feature (1) has been inserted byremoving the tool as described above. Thus the flange of the malefeature (1) is secured by the inside beveled capture features (7) of thefemale feature (2) acting on the underside of the flange (11) of themale feature (1).

To separate or “de-mate” the female feature (2) can be opened using atool by the method described above before removing the male feature (1),and reclosing the female feature (2) after the male feature (1) has beenremoved by removing the tool as described above. The angle of theunderside of the male flange (11) and the female capture feature bevel(7) can be varied by design to tailor the de-mating force if applicableto suit the requirements of the intended end use of the invention.

IX Method of Using Clip Assemblies to Secure Panels to Each Other

Two or more flanges (17), or any other features which may extrude fromany part of the clip body, may be used to fasten or otherwise attach theinvention to objects or assemblies for which the invention is beingused. Optional spacer features (18) may be located on each side of theclip body which can act as locating features when the invention isfastened to a panel by way of a T-shaped slot (FIG. 12). The inventioncan be fastened or in any other way attached to objects or assembliesfor which the invention is being used in any manner that suits theintended end use of the invention, or the invention can be manufacturedas an integral part of the object or assembly for which it is beingused.

When two panels are mated, one male and one female feature remain to addmore panels. Pairs of clips are used on each panel edge. Each pair ofclips on each edge are oriented opposite to each other. This allowspanels to be flipped and still install.

Alternatively, panels may be secured using clips with the latchingmechanism or fastening mechanism.

X Clip Assembly with Internal Latching Mechanism

As an alternative to snapping features, the clips can include a latchingmechanism as illustrated (FIG. 13). The clips can have a built-inpositive locking latch feature.

The use of latching clips may be preferred for use in semi-permanentstructures which can still be easily taken apart, rearranged, modifiedand expanded.

XI Clip Assembly with Internal Fastening Mechanism

As an alternative to snapping or latching features, the clips caninclude a fastening mechanism as illustrated (FIG. 17). The clips can befastened together with bolts or cams.

The use of fastening clips may be preferred for use in permanent orsemi-permanent structures as well as highly loaded structures.

EXAMPLES Example 1 Development of Technology

A clip body (FIG. 1) includes the male feature (1). Two flexibleparallel beams (5) are part of the female feature. The ends of theT-shaped beam are shaped such that two orthogonal planes are formed (12)on which are located a groove on each plane (13). Two or more flanges(17) on the base may be used to fasten or otherwise bind the clip to apanel or other object. Spacer features (18) may be located on each sideof the clip body which can act as locating features when the inventionis fastened to a panel by way of a T-shaped slot.

A different view of the clip body (FIG. 2) shows the female feature (2).Two flexible parallel beams (5) are part of the female feature. Twoorthogonal surfaces (8) are formed between the two parallel beams. Rampfeatures (14) may be located on both inside faces of each parallel beamwith a slot feature (15) located adjacent to each beam.

A side-view of a clip (FIG. 3) shows the two orthogonal planes (3) thatare oriented at 45° to the main body of the clip (4) whose plane ofsymmetry (21) is defined by a plane passing through the middle of the ofthe clip body, and which form the legs of an isosceles triangle (22).Two additional planes (8) internal to the clip/fastener body on thefemale side form a load-bearing interface, wherein the planes form thelegs of an isosceles triangle (23) whose base is formed by the planelocating the female feature. The ends of the T-shaped beam are shapedsuch that two orthogonal planes are formed (12). A slot feature (15)located adjacent to each beam in the walls of the clip body may be usedtogether with a tool to facilitate locking and unlocking of the femalefeature for either assembly or disassembly of two clips.

An alternate view of a clip (FIG. 4) shows the extruded T-shaped beam(9), beveled edges (10) and the flat surfaces on the inside of theflange (11). A different angle (FIG. 5) shows the dual beveled edgesoutside (6), the dual beveled edges inside (7) and the ramp features onboth inside faces of each parallel beam (14).

A perspective view of a clip (FIG. 6) illustrates clips that have beenpaired or mated. Because each clip has a male and a female feature, oneof each type of clip feature (19) from each clip body will remainavailable to assemble more clips after two clips have been mated.Similarly, several (e.g. four) clips can be mated together (FIG. 7). Ifthe clips are mated such the clip bodies are parallel, (FIG. 8, FIG. 9)an infinite chain of clips can be mated with at least one clip featurealways left available to mate another clip.

A side view of a pair of clips (FIG. 10) depicts how they can be matedwith one approaching from any direction within a 90° field of view (16)of the mating clip feature provided that the mid-planes of the clipsremain coplanar.

A side view with dashed-lines representing internal aspects of a clip(FIG. 11) shows how a tool or lever can be used to flex the femalefeatures to assist in mating or de-mating clips.

A front view of a clip (FIG. 12) shows optional spacer features locatedon each side of the clip body which can act as locating features whenthe invention is fastened to a panel by way of a T-shaped slot.Individual clips can be secured to panels or other objects using anadhesive material such as glue. In the alternative, the clips can beattached with traditional hardware such as screws or bolts.

The latching mechanism is pictured with alternate views (FIG. 13). Themale feature (1) and female feature (2) are present with latchingfeatures, orthogonal planes (3), and mounting feature (17). Twoadditional planes (8) form a load-bearing interface.

A side view of clips illustrates the mating and subsequent latching(FIG. 14) of clips. The male feature (1) and female feature (2) arepresent on two orthogonal planes (3). One of each type of clip feature(19) from each clip body will remain available to assemble more clipsafter two clips have been mated. Similarly a perspective view details asimilar type of latching mechanism (FIG. 15). The male feature (1) andfemale feature (2) are present on two orthogonal planes (3). One of eachtype of clip feature (19) from each clip body will remain available toassemble more clips after two clips have been mated. A side view of aclip with dashed-lines for internal parts illustrates the mechanics of atype of latching system (FIG. 16). The male feature (1) and femalefeature (2) are present on two orthogonal planes (3).

A perspective view and a side view of clips that are paired and securedwith the fastening mechanism (FIG. 18). The male feature (1) and femalefeature (2) are present on two orthogonal planes (3). One of each typeof clip feature (19) from each clip body will remain available toassemble more clips after two clips have been mated A side view of aclip with dashed-lines for internal parts illustrates the mechanics ofthe fastening system (FIG. 18). The male feature (1) and female feature(2) are present on two orthogonal planes (3).

A perspective view and a close-up view demonstrating the use of pairedclips to attach panels to form a modular-shaped structure (FIG. 19).Similarly the use of paired clips can be used to attach additionalpanels (FIG. 20).

Another use of the invention includes attaching solar panels to supportswith mated clips (FIG. 21). A side view (20) of the solar panelsillustrates details of the clip arrangements (FIG. 22, 23). The clipscan be used to attach panels to form a shelter or structure (FIG. 24)without the hardware and efforts of traditional designs. The inventionis also well suited to attach panels and other objects to form aplayground set (FIG. 25).

This example provides for and establishes the early development of thetechnology and prototype clip assembly, methods of making same, andmethods of using same.

Generally the invention is made of a thermoplastic material, though anyother material or combination of materials may be used providing thematerial(s) possess the properties for the invention to work asdescribed herein. Generally when made from thermoplastic material theinvention is manufactured in an injection molding process, though anyother manufacturing processes may be used as applicable to the materialbeing used. For example, the clips and components can be made from metalor similar material.

Example 2 Using the Technology

Basic Structure Example

This arrangement allows for versatility as panels or objects can berotated and/or flipped in any axis as needed and still clip intoexisting structures. Panels or other objects can be added to one anotherwithout the use of tools or additional hardware.

Flat Panel Mounting Details

Panels can be prefabricated and include clips secured to edges asillustrated (FIG. 19). This allows the user to readily connect panels toone another to assemble a structure. With snapping clips, the usermerely attaches panels by “snapping” the corresponding clips to oneanother. For greater durability, the latching or fastening clips may beused

The invention is particularly well suited to attaching solar panels to aroof, as illustrated (FIG. 21). The versatile nature of the clips allowpanels to be easily attached parallel to one another or perpendicular toone another as illustrated (FIG. 22).

Basic Modular Structure

Panels can be prefabricated and include clips secured to edges. Thisallows the user to readily connect panels to one another to assemble astructure. With snapping clips, the user merely attaches panels by“snapping” the corresponding clips to one another. For greaterdurability, the latching or fastening clips may be used.

Panels are universal so that they can be rotated and/or flipped in anyaxis as needed and still clip into existing structures. Further, panelsmay be added to any structure at any time ad infinitum withoutmodification to either the existing structure or the added panels.

The system is scalable and may be used for table-sized systems to largebuildings.

Panels may be shipped flat so that space is saved. For example, if usedfor assembling emergency disaster shelters, many shelters can be shippedon a single truck.

The panel system allows structures to be quickly assembled on site inany size, to suit the required use. Further, panels are universal andcan be used to modify or expand structures as needed.

Basic Shelter Structure

Large wall panels can be prefabricated and include clips secured toedges. They are packed and shipped to the retailer and/or the user, andmany flat panels can be efficiently transported on the trailer of atruck.

The panel system allows the consumer to quickly assemble any sizedshelter or storage structure to fit his/her needs as illustrated (FIG.24). Because the panels are universal, they can be used to modify orexpand any structure as needed or desired. The system is also costeffective for the consumer because it can be easily modified andinfinitely expanded and modified.

Playground or Jungle Gym Structure

As described, panels can be prefabricated and include clips secured toedges so that they are easily packed and shipped.

The panel system allows the consumer to quickly assemble any sizedstructure to fit his/her needs as illustrated (FIG. 25). Because thepanels are universal, they can be used to modify or expand any structureas needed or desired. This allows the user to modify or expand theplayground/jungle gym according to his/her desires.

This example provides for and establishes the early development of thetechnology and prototype, methods of making same, and methods of usingsame.

Further refinements are made and further prototypes and preferredembodiments developed. The product depicted in the figures result fromsuch efforts.

All publications, including patent documents and scientific articles,referred to in this application and the bibliography and attachments areincorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes to the sameextent as if each individual publication were individually incorporatedby reference.

All headings are for the convenience of the reader and should not beused to limit the meaning of the text that follows the heading, unlessso specified.

What is claimed is:
 1. A modular panel construction system for assemblyof panel structures, comprising: a) at least one first panel assemblycomprising at least one first panel and at least one first modularconstruction clip assembly; b) at least one second panel assemblycomprising at least one second panel and at least one second modularconstruction clip assembly; wherein said at least one first panelassembly and said at least one second panel assembly can secure saidfirst and second panels together; further wherein said first and secondmodular construction clip assembly comprise one or more unitary clipsthat when operably engaged can secure two or more objects together; eachunitary clip comprising: a clip body, comprising: i) at least one firstside; ii) at least one second side; iii) at least one protruding loadbearing interface; and iv) at least one recessive load bearinginterface; a) wherein said first side and said second side are comprisedof two opposing symmetric orthogonal planar structures which meet at themidline of said clip body and form two sides of a triangle; b) furtherwherein said protruding load bearing interface and said recessive loadbearing interface are located on said two opposing symmetric orthogonalplanar structures of said clip body, comprising; i) at least two planarstructures on said first side of said clip body which form saidprotruding load-bearing interface; ii) at least two planar structures onsaid second side of said clip body which form said recessiveload-bearing interface to operably engage said protruding load-bearinginterface from a separate unitary clip body; iii) wherein said planarstructures which form said protruding load bearing interface aredistinct structures from said planar structures which form saidrecessive load bearing interface; iv) wherein the shape of saidprotruding load-bearing interface and the shape of said recessiveload-bearing interface are triangular, and v) further wherein theproportions of said triangular protruding load-bearing interface arecomplementary to the proportions of said triangular recessiveload-bearing interface so as to operably engage each other; c) furtherwherein at least one first securing mechanism and at least one secondcomplimentary securing mechanism are located within said clip body, withsaid second securing mechanism complimentary to said first securingmechanism so as to operably engage said first securing mechanism from aseparate unitary clip body, comprising; i) said first securing mechanismcomprising a single extended T-shaped beam, and said secondcomplimentary securing mechanism comprising two or more parallel beamsthat extend from said clip body to operably engage said T-shaped beamfrom a separate unitary clip body, or; ii) said first securing mechanismcomprising a catch or a pin, and said second complimentary securingmechanism comprising a moveable latch or a lever to operably engage saidcatch or a pin from a separate unitary clip body, or; iii) said firstsecuring mechanism comprising a screw, a bolt, or a cam-style fastener;and said second complimentary securing mechanism comprising threads or acam-lock to operably engage said screw, bolt, or cam-style fastener froma separate unitary clip body; d) further wherein two or more unitaryclips can operably engage each other by way of: i) said protruding loadbearing interface operably engaging said recessive load bearinginterface; ii) said first securing mechanism operably engaging saidsecond complimentary securing mechanism; or iii) a combination thereof;e) further wherein said clip body comprises: i. at least one panel ofsaid at least one first panel assembly, said at least one second panelassembly, or a combination thereof or; ii. at least one structure tosecure said unitary clip to a first panel or a second panel of said atleast one panel assembly or said at least one second panel assembly,comprising; at least one protrusion extending from said clip body whichcan be used to fasten, bond, clamp, or otherwise attach said unitaryclip to said first panel or said second panel; and f) further whereinsaid clip assembly can secure two or more panels together.
 2. The clipassembly of claim 1, wherein said first securing mechanism comprises asingle extended T-shaped beam, and said second complimentary securingmechanism comprises two or more parallel beams that extend from saidclip body to operably engage said T-shaped beam from a separate unitaryclip body.
 3. The clip assembly of claim 1, wherein said first securingmechanism comprises a catch or a pin, and said second complimentarysecuring mechanism comprises a moveable latch or a lever to operablyengage said catch or a pin from a separate unitary clip body.
 4. Theclip assembly of claim 1, wherein said first securing mechanismcomprises a screw, a bolt, or a cam-style fastener; and said secondcomplimentary securing mechanism comprises threads or a cam-lock tooperably engage said screw, bolt, or cam-style fastener from a separateunitary clip body.
 5. The clip assembly of claim 1, wherein said unitaryclip is made as a single piece extrusion.
 6. The clip assembly of claim1, wherein said first securing mechanism or said second securingmechanism is the same configuration or substantially the sameconfiguration as said protruding load bearing interface or saidrecessive load bearing interface.
 7. The clip assembly of claim 1,wherein said clip body comprises said at least one first panel, said atleast one second panel, or a combination thereof.
 8. The panel assemblyof claim 1, wherein said at least one first panel, said at least onesecond panel, or a combination thereof comprises said clip body of saidfirst or second unitary clip.
 9. The panel assembly of claim 1, a)wherein two or more said unitary clips are located in pairs on at leastone of the perimeter edges of said first panel; b) wherein two or moresaid unitary clips are located in pairs on at least one of the perimeteredges of said second panel; c) wherein each clip-pair is symmetricallylocated about the midlines of said first panel and said second panel; d)wherein each said unitary clip of each said symmetrically locatedclip-pair is oriented opposite to each other; e) wherein each saidunitary clip of each said symmetrically located clip-pair is oriented inthe same direction to each other; or f) a combination thereof.
 10. Amethod of assembling two or more panels together comprising: a)providing at least two panel assemblies of claim 1; b) operably engagingsaid at least one first unitary clip of said first panel assembly tosaid at least one second unitary clip of said second panel assembly; c)wherein said at least one first unitary clip of said first panelassembly and said at least one second unitary clip of said second panelassembly can operably engage with each other by way of: i) saidprotruding load bearing interface operably engaging said recessive loadbearing interface; ii) said first securing mechanism operably engagingsaid second complimentary securing mechanism; or iii) a combinationthereof; and d) further wherein said first panel assembly and saidsecond panel assembly are assembled by way of said at least one firstunitary clip of said first panel assembly operably engaged with said atleast one second unitary clip of said second panel assembly.
 11. Themethod of claim 10, wherein said first securing mechanism comprises asingle extended T-shaped beam, and said second complimentary securingmechanism comprises two or more parallel beams that extend from saidclip body to operably engage said T-shaped beam from a separate unitaryclip body.
 12. The method of claim 10, wherein said first securingmechanism comprises a catch or a pin, and said second complimentarysecuring mechanism comprises a moveable latch or a lever to operablyengage said catch or a pin from a separate unitary clip body.
 13. Themethod of claim 10, wherein said first securing mechanism comprises ascrew, a bolt, or a cam-style fastener; and said second complimentarysecuring mechanism comprises threads or a cam-lock to operably engagesaid screw, bolt, or cam-style fastener from a separate unitary clipbody.
 14. The method of claim 10, wherein said at least one first panelassembly, said at least one second panel assembly, or a combinationthereof comprise wood, cardboard, composite, plastic, or a combinationthereof; and comprise walls, trusses, ceilings, floors, or otherstructural or nonstructural element of a building, house, room, storagebuilding, or other type of shelter, or a combination thereof.
 15. Themethod of claim 10, wherein said at least one first panel assembly, saidat least one second panel assembly, or a combination thereof comprisewood, cardboard, composite, plastic, or a combination thereof; andcomprise supports, walls, ceilings, floors, shelves, or other structuralor non-structural elements to construct pet furniture.
 16. The method ofclaim 10, wherein said at least one first panel assembly, said at leastone second panel assembly, or a combination thereof comprise wood,cardboard, composite, plastic, or a combination thereof; and comprisepanels, shelves, sides, tops, bottoms, table tops, or other structuralor non-structural elements to construct home furniture, cabinets,shelving, closet storage, desks, tables, dressers, or combinationthereof.
 17. The method of claim 10, wherein said at least one firstpanel assembly, said at least one second panel assembly, or acombination thereof comprise wood, cardboard, composite, plastic, or acombination thereof; and comprise dividers, shelves, walls, table tops,or panels to construct trade show booths.
 18. The method of claim 10,wherein said at least one first panel assembly, said at least one secondpanel assembly, or a combination thereof comprise wood, cardboard,composite, plastic, or a combination thereof; and comprise supports,railings, or panels, or other structural or non-structural elements toconstruct solar panel support structures, trusses, or scaffolding. 19.The method of claim 10, wherein said at least one first panel assembly,said at least one second panel assembly, or a combination thereofcomprise wood, cardboard, metal, composite, plastic, or a combinationthereof; and comprise supports, walls, ceilings, floors, platforms,slides, or other structural or non-structural elements to constructchildren's playground or jungle gym structures.
 20. The method of claim10, wherein said at least one first panel assembly, said at least onesecond panel assembly, or a combination thereof comprise a children'stoy construction set.